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文章出處:凱粵新聞 網(wǎng)責(zé)任編輯: 凱粵知識產(chǎn)權(quán) 閱讀量: 發(fā)表時間:2019-10-14
2019年10月9日,瑞典皇家科學(xué)院將2019年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎授予美國的John B. Goodenough、英國的Stanley Whittingham以及日本的Akira Yoshino,以表彰他們在鋰離子電池研究方面的突出貢獻(xiàn)。
2019年的諾貝爾化學(xué)獎實至名歸,鋰離子電池對現(xiàn)代社會的影響深遠(yuǎn),從移動電子到電動汽車都廣泛應(yīng)用。
但是鋰離子電池的研究道路卻充滿了波折,這里面摻雜著專利戰(zhàn)、商業(yè)間諜、技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化競爭等復(fù)雜的故事情節(jié)。
最先做出鋰離子電池的是英國的Stanley Whittingham,他在上世紀(jì)70年代開始申請了鋰離子電池方面的一系列專利。
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Stanley Whittingham的專利
從70年代開始,Stanley Whittingham在鋰離子領(lǐng)域申請了幾十件專利,最近的一件專利申請還是在2019年公開的,可見其對鋰離子電池研究的激情。
但是可惜的是,Stanley Whittingham最初的鋰離子電池存在諸多問題,無法商業(yè)化。
在Stanley Whittingham的基礎(chǔ)上,當(dāng)時還在牛津大學(xué)工作的美國科學(xué)家Goodenough發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種更好的材料氧化鈷鋰,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)直接促使了日本企業(yè)將鋰電池正式商業(yè)化。但離奇的是,當(dāng)時的牛津大學(xué)竟然未對該成果申請專利。日本企業(yè)相當(dāng)于白白使用了這一成果。Goodenough一直在幾十年后還對牛津大學(xué)的決定懊惱不已。牛津大學(xué)的這一決定損失了至少幾億美元的專利許可費。此后,Goodenough在鋰電池領(lǐng)域不斷改進(jìn),最終發(fā)明了磷酸鐵鋰電池,這也是如今電動汽車領(lǐng)域使用最普遍的電池。但這一次Goodenough又在專利上跌了跟頭,日本電訊公司將一名員工Osada送到他的實驗室當(dāng)訪問研究員,Goodenough后來在法庭上說他是出于友誼答應(yīng)的,沒想到回到日本后Osada偷偷地將相關(guān)技術(shù)申請了專利,導(dǎo)致Goodenough大為惱火,在美國起訴日本企業(yè)竊取知識產(chǎn)權(quán),索賠5億美元。但是在訴訟進(jìn)行的過程中,日本企業(yè)在鋰電池方面早已實現(xiàn)了騰飛。
Goodenough一直90多歲還在做研究,最近的一件專利是在2018年公開了,95歲還在申請專利。他在鋰電池方面申請過20多個專利,當(dāng)然最關(guān)鍵的發(fā)明都沒有得到多很好的保護(hù),否則Goodenough早已是億萬富豪了。
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Goodenough的專利申請
但從知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面來說,來自日本的科學(xué)家Akira Yoshino是最成功的,他的技術(shù)直接推動了鋰電池的商業(yè)化。Akira Yoshino在鋰電池領(lǐng)域一共申請了50多件專利,也為此獲得了巨大的商業(yè)利益。
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Akira Yoshino的鋰電池專利申請
2019年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎也反映了各國的研發(fā)思路。歐美更注重原始的創(chuàng)新,日本的基礎(chǔ)研究更靠近產(chǎn)業(yè)實踐。日本企業(yè)在鋰電池的產(chǎn)業(yè)中獲得了最大的利益。